Pervenetz (the First) is the first geyser that was discovered by Tatyana Ustinova and Anisifor Krupenin on April 14, 1941, during their expedition to the uppe part of river Shumnaya. It was the beginning of the discovery of the Geyser Valley. According to Ustinova's description (1955): "Pervenetz was located on a small area very close to Geysernaya River. The channel of geyser (size 1.3 x 0.75 m, depth 1.5 m, angle of 45-50 degrees) was surrounded by large stone blocks covered with a thin layer of geyserite. The fountaining begins suddenly and resembles a shot from a cannon. With great force and a deafening roar, a column of water and steam arises during 2 minutes to a height of 10-15 m at an angle of 45-50°. The time between eruptions is 44-46 minutes” (Ustinova, 1955). Since Pervenetz is located 5 m from the Geysernaya River and only 1 m above its level, its regime is very unstable: 1945-1951: the period 45 min - 2 hours, 1960-1967: it worked as a pulsating spring, 1969-1976: the period 12-16 minutes, 1978-1981: 2-30 min. It was recorded that the high water level in the river and heavy precipitation lead to decreasing of the regime by 5-10 minutes (Sugrobova, 1982). And after a strong cyclone in October 1981, when the wind speed reached 40 m/s, and the amount of precipitation was more than 90 mm, the period of the Pervenetz geyser increased 2 times (up to 65 minutes), and it remained approximately the same (40-90 minutes) for the next 20 years (Sugrobova, 1985). Probably, changes in the activity of Pervenets can be associated with changes in the water flow of the Geysernaya River. In 2007, the Pervenets geyser was covered with mudflow deposits more than 5 m thick, but this did not lead to a complete cessation of its activity. By April 2008, a funnel about 4 m deep had formed above its griffin, at the bottom of which a pulsating boiling source was. By 2015, the funnel had widened and deepened to 6 m and the spring restored its activity (Belousov, Belousova, 2017). In 2020-2024, the Pervenets regime was unstable: period 7-20 min, fountaining duration 1-5 min, height up to 1-5 m.
References
Белоусов А.Б., Белоусова М.Г. Роль оползней в формировании гейзеров Долины Гейзеров, Камчатка // Вулканизм и связанные с ним процессы. Материалы XX ежегодной региональной научной конференции, посвящённой Дню вулканолога, 30-31 марта 2017 г. 2017. С. 155-157.  Сугробова Н.Г. Некоторые закономерности режима гейзеров Камчатки // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1982. Вып. 5. С. 35-48. Сугробова Н.Г., Сугробов В.М. Изменение режима термопроявлений Долины гейзеров под влиянием циклона "Эльза" // Вопросы географии Камчатки. 1985. № 9. С. 88-94. Устинова Т.И. Камчатские гейзеры / Отв. ред. Рихтер Г.Д., Никольская В.В. М.: Географгиз. 1955. 119 с.  |
