The article describes the alternative mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in which the leading role is played by the deep compact fluid areas. Redistribution of fluid pressure between these areas due to the migration of fluids along fractures and faults can provoke seismic and volcanic activity in the region, as well as determine the different sorts of their interdependence.

Analysis of paleomagnetic variations along parallel sections across the Holocene soil-pyroclastic cover of Ма1уĭ Semyachek Volcano in Kamchatka has shown that directions of magnetization were similar during а period of 350 — 6000 В.P. This proves that magnetization is primary and applicable for reconstruction of the history of the Earth's magnetic field. Paleomagnetic variations that occurred in the interval of 1000 — 4000 В.P. have been investigated in the contemporaneous tephra section of Klyuchevskoĭ Volcano 240 km to the north.
It is known that since some of the tephra horizons may be missing in this section owing to specific conditions of tephra deposition, а more detailed knowledge of paleomagnetic variations requires the study of two or more parallel sections.

The paper describes the analysis of global data on the isotopic composition of waters from about 120 world surface mud volcanoes. Frequency distribution for δ18O is bimodal, the most frequent values lie within the intervals (+1; +2)‰ and (+5; +6)‰. Frequency distribution for δD is asymmetric with a maximum lying within the range (−15; −10)‰. Midline angle factor of isotopic composition on the δ18O−δD diagram is close to 1. The authors suppose that the variety of isotopic composition of the mud volcanic waters is determined mainly by two processes: mixing of initial seawater with water formed during the dehydration of clay minerals and dilution by meteoric waters. The first process occurred predominantly on the stage of formation of mud volcanoes in the geological past, while the second process occurs on the modern stage of activity of mud volcanoes.

При работе по программе слежения за состоянием активных вулканов Камчатки и Курильских островов было испытано несколько способов отбора вулканических газов в вакуумироваппые барботсры с щелочным поглотителем. В результате предложен наиболее простой и удобный в сложных условиях работы на вулканах способ отбора газов в отдельный вакуумированный барботер, наполненный 4М раствором КОН с добавлением сухого препарата гидроксида кадмия, позволяющий в одной пробе определять абсорбированные и неабсорбированные компоненты газовой смеси Н2О, HF, HC1, H2S, SO2, СО2, СО, CHi. Il2, Ns, O2, Аг с удовлетворительной воспроизводимостью. При необходимости одновременно можно отбирать две параллельные пробы. Предло-жены специально разработанные или измененные и дополненные стандартные методы анализа пробы газа. Приведена метрологическая характеристика используемых методов определения компонентов газовой смеси в широком интервале концентраций, характерных для вулканических эксгаляций