The actual collective monograph presents the results of both theoretical and experimental studies of the multi-disciplinary problem on volcanic hazard assessment and development of techniques for prediction of catastophic eruptions. The volcanism of Kamchatka and other regions of Russia has been analyzed. On the basis of geological, volcanological and tephrachronological studies including radiocarbon dating, there have been defined certain groups of volcanoes on different stages of evolution. At the same time the problem of determination of the internal structure of volcanic dome using modem theoretical methods and technologies is well investigated. The new techniques of estimation of volcanic hazard were developed. Whenever ti is required, theoretical approaches are confirmed by results of in-field observations.

The book will satisfy the needs of Earth sciences specialists from a variety of backgrounds, volcanology, geo-mechanics, ecology, industrial constuction applications and hazard assessment.

Первая часть работы посвящена основным вопросам четвертичного вулканизма Срединного хребта Камчатки. Рассматривается соотношение пород фундамента и четвертичных эффузивов, расчленение четвертичных эффузивов на отдельные возрастные комплексы и выделяются два этапа в четвертичном вулканическом цикле излияний. Приводится характеристика особенностей вулканической деятельности обоих этапов, петрографо-петрохимический анализ продуктов извержений, а также рассматривается структурное положение четвертичных эффузивов и доказывается, что выделенные этапы четвертичного вулканизма соответствуют определенным стадиям геосинклинального цикла в развитии земной коры. В заключение приводятся история четвертичного вулканизма, геологический эффект четвертичных излияний, а также сравнительная характеристика его с другими вулканическими зонами Камчатки и сопредельными территориями.

This book is the fi rst basic edition considering the issues of genetic volcanology. Petrological aspects of magma formation have been investigated as well as physical processes that account for the mechanisms of various types of eruptions. Continuous calc-alkaline series of the Klyuchevskoy volcano rocks (high-Mg basalts – high-Al basaltic andesites) have been shown to form due to decompression fractionation of dark-colored minerals taking place mostly between the eruptions during the pauses of magma migration. For the fi rst time a volcano has been presented as a wideband generator of periodic processes occurring within the intervals from a few seconds to a few days. To study the above processes, a unique large experimental facility representing a laboratory volcano was designed and constructed. Physical modelling carried out using this facility allowed developing a new classifi cation of gas-hydrodynamic regimes occurring in long vertical columns. Physical principles accounting for the monotonous and periodic types of eruptions of basalt and basaltic andesite volcanoes have been defi ned.
Dynamic model of the Klyuchevskoy volcano eruptions has been developed based upon the major aspects of basalt-basaltic andesite volcanism – magmatic melts evolution, periodicities in the eruption dynamics, and mechanisms of various types of eruptions.
For experts in geology, volcanology, petrology, mineralogy, geophysics, geothermal researches, oil geology, physics, gashydrodynamics, geography, and ecology.

The monograph is devoted to the spatio-temporal activation of Holocene volcanism within the Miocene-Quaternary volcanic zone of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. The pattern of volcanic activation, grouping elements and periodic pulses of endogenous activity, as well as their chronological relationship with episodes of endogenous activity increasing of the North Pacific. The characteristics of individual volcanic centers and the largest eruptions are provided. Age determinations of eruptions are based on detailed tephrochronological research and extensive radiocarbon dating.
For a wide range of professionals in the field of geology, geochronology, volcanology, petrology, geography,
geomorphology, paleoclimatology, ecology and geobotany.

Petrographic Code of Russia is a set of fundamental rules and recommendations approving and confirming the unified and standardized petrographic terminology and nomenclature of endogenic and coptogenic formations, as well as the taxonomy of petrographic units. The unified notional base, which forms the basis of the Petrographic Code, is used during compilation of the State Geological Maps at different scales, serial legends to them, during forecast-prospecting works, thematic investigations, as well as during map compilation in the framework of international projects.

The Code of the second and third editions has a new structure as compared to the first one, new appendices are prepared. Taking into account new requirements of the geological practice, new sections on sedimentary-volcanogenic formations, migmatites etc. are added. Sections related to metamorphic and metasomatic formations are reworked; distinguishing of fluid-explosive rocks bearing different mineral types into an individual genetic type is substantiated. The content of most of previous provisions is changed; many articles are reworked or abbreviated, new ones are included. Recommendations of the Commission on Systematics in Petrology of the International Union of Geological Sciences are taken into account during development of the Code.