В июне 2019 г. на острове-вулкане Райкоке произошло короткое, но сильное эксплозивное извержение андезибазальтовой магмы с подземными водами, которые были представлены морской водой, просачивавшейся через проницаемые породы острова-вулкана. В процессе извержения образовались многочисленные пирокластические потоки.

The dynamics of hostorical eruptions for Chikurachki Volcano has been analyzed. It is shown that these were either weak Strombolian-type eruptions (at intervals of a few years to a few tens of years) or powerful Plinian-type eruptions (at intervals of 100-200 years) discharging basaltic magma (50-54% SiO2). We have studied the tephra deposits and determined the parameters of the 1853 and 1986 Plinian-type eruption phases whose values have turned out to be similar: the minimum volume of erupted magma was 0.03 and 0.04 km3, respectively, the magma discharge was 5 x106 kg/s for both eruption types, the eruptive column height was about 13-14 km for wind velocities of 35-40 and 15 m/s, the Plinian-type phases lasting 5 and 7 hours. Information is provided on the morphology of the volcanic edifice and the structure of the soil-pyroclastic cover in the area. The condition of the crater in the summer of 2000 is described. It is concluded that high, pyroclastics-charged clouds of Plinian-type eruptions are the leading risk factor associated with Chikurachki Volcano.

The paper continues the series of papers that describe activity of the volcanoes of Northern group of Kamchatka since 1935. Activity of Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny and Shiveluch volcanoes in 1990—1992 is described.

For the first time, the thermal behavior of a new mineral belomarinaite KNaSO4 was studied on a natural
sample and its synthetic analogue in the range of 30‒800°C. The mineral is stable up to a temperature of
475 ± 10°C, at which it has a polymorphic transformation into a high-temperature polymorphic modification
(P63/mmc), stable up to 800°C. The thermal expansion of both modifications is sharply anisotropic, and in
the case of the high-temperature phase it is also variable as a function of temperature ‒ the dependence of the
parameter a has a U-shape with a minimum at T = 660°C. The volumetric expansion of modifications varies
in the intervals of their existence for the low-temperature phase from 80 to 200 (10–6°C–1), for the high-temperature phase, from 350 to 300 (10–6°C–1). That is, on average, the expansion of the high-temperature modification increases by a factor of 2‒3 relative to the expansion of the low-temperature phase, the main increase is in the parameter с and is determined, apparently, by restructuring the structure along this direction.

Соотношения редких элементов и изотопные отношения стронция, свинца в лавах вулкана Ключевской указывают на значительные процессы ассимиляции магмы в коре. Расположения побочных прорывов в сравнении с геофизическими наблюдениями позволяют предположить гетерогенность фундамента и наличие регионального разлома, контролирующего проявления побочных извержений.