Представлен проект первой очереди системы комплексного инструментального мониторинга вулканической деятельности на Камчатке и Курильских островах. Система создается в целях обеспечения безопасности населения, полетов авиации и снижения экономических потерь от извержений вулканов. Первоочередные объекты мониторинга - наиболее активные и опасные вулканы: на Камчатке - Северная и Авачинская группы вулканов, на Курилах - вулканы о-вов Кунашир и Парамушир. Для осуществления проекта на вулканах создаются специализированные пункты, включающие комплекс наблюдений (сейсмические с расширенным частотным и динамическим диапазоном регистрации, деформационные, газовые, акустические, электромагнитные и видеонаблюдения) и обеспечивающие оперативную передачу данных в информационно-обрабатывающие центры, разрабатываются методы и алгоритмы автоматической и автоматизированной идентификации уровня активности вулканической деятельности и вероятностной оценки ее развития.

The data on geology, petrography, mineralogy and petrochemistry for Kamen, Volcano in the central Kamchatka depression are presented. A study of the volcano's rocks and comparison with rocks of neighboring active volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoi group allow the establishment of some relationships. The rocks and minerals of Kamen, and Ploskie Sopki volcanoes show systematic differences in the chemistry of rocks and minerals such that they obviously could not be formed from the same primary melts. The rocks of dykes and Kamen' stratovolcano on one hand and the rocks of the Klyuchevskoi Volcano on the other hand form differently directed trends on petrochemical diagrams and differ in their compositions of rock-forming minerals, such they also could not originate from the same primary melts. The lavas of the monogenetic cones of Kamen' Volcano and moderately magnesian basalts of Klyuchevskoi Volcano are derivates of the same melts, i.e., the cones situated on the slopes of Kamen' are cones of Klyuchevskoi. The rocks of Kamen' and Bezymyannyi stratovolcanoes form a single narrow trend in all petrochemical diagrams in which the lavas of Bezymyannyi Volcano show a silica-rich branch, thus indicating a genetic relationship between these two volcanoes.

Distal volcanic tephras in soil sections and lake sediments in the Dvuh-yurtochnoe (Two-Yurts) lake area, central Kamchatka, were investigated in order to provide a chronological framework for the reconstruction of late Quaternary landscape development. Mineralogical and geochemical data point to sources from 5 volcanoes. Ten tephra layers were identified and correlated to known eruptive events. The ages were corroborated by radiocarbon dating of the soil sections around Two-Yurts lake. These findings allow the reconstruction of regional paleoenvironmental change, recorded in the soil sections around Two-Yurts lake. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) time, the area was affected by glacial advances that produced the glacial moraines at the eastern outlet of the lake. A large landslide, ca. 15,000–18,000 14C BP, dammed the valley and led to formation of Two-Yurts lake. Several more landslide events can be recognized in the Holocene, and one affected Two-Yurts lake ca. 3000 14C BP. This event produced a “tsunami”, documented by poorly sorted deposits with rounded pebbles in the onshore sections around the lake. In contrast to the soil sections, tephras buried in the “soupy” lacustrine sediments of Two-Yurts lake are not well preserved and show inconsistent age-depth relationships compared to those suggested by radiocarbon dating, due to sinking through the lake sediments. Nevertheless, tephrochronological data revealed the strong impact of terrestrial landslides on lake sedimentation.