The given work is devoted results of studying extremely interesting on the mechanism of activity of the Koryak Volcano eruption occurring since December, 2008 on the beginning of 2010. This eruption it is possible to characterize as weak explosive gas-ashed. Similar activity, considering that it is some to the previous eruption of a volcano in 1956-1957гг, it is possible to allocate in separate fumarolic or Koryak type of eruption.
Key words: a volcano, eruption, volcanic gases, volcanic ashes, fumarolla, infra-red survey

The authors studied deposits from pyroclastic flows associated with Karymsky Caldera, which is located in the central part of the Karymsky Volcanic Centre (KVC). The study distinguished 4 pyroclastic flows and revealed that deposits from each pyroclastic flow have stratification in composition distinctly observed in the initial phase of the eruption. The pumice debris and cores of plagioclase crystals in pumice give evidence for both upper rhyolite zone and lower dacite zone in the upper-crust magmatic chamber. The heterogeneous layers and non-equilibrium mineral association in pumice suggest that the initial phase of each eruption is caused by intrusion of basalt in the upper-crust magmatic chamber. The distribution of major and trace elements in pyroclastic rocks of Karymsky Caldera show that they have resulted from moderate calcareousalkali differentiates of magnesia-basalt of KVC. Mineralogical and geochemical data show that the fractional crystallization and crustal contamination play significant role in origin of the rocks.

Thick deposits of pyroclastic flow from Shiveluch Volcano (February 2005) have remained high temperature for 6 years after the eruption. Despite the increased temperature of the deposits, plants began its colonization in recent years. To identify features of succession certain characteristics of unusual ecotope have been studied, including distribution of temperature background.

The article provides data on historical events of the Kurile island arc’s most active Peak Sarychev Volcano, Matua Island, the Central Kuriles. During the study period the volcano was producing short terminal eruptions of explosive and explosive-effusive types discharging volcanites chiefly with pyroclastic flows and related formations.

В монографии, написанной на основе многолетних полевых исследований авторов, дана полная характеристика вулкана Менделеева на о. Кунашир: его геологии, геоморфологии, вулканотектоники, зон магматического питания, его современной активности. Приводятся новые геологические и тектонические карты о. Кунашир и вулкана Менделеева. Впервые выделена активная вулканотектоническая структура типа кальдеры под пос. Горячий Пляж, контролирующая главные геотермальные ресурсы вулкана и наиболее опасная в отношении потенциальной катастрофы. Специальный раздел монографии посвящен районированию вулканической опасности. Рассмотрена активность вулкана в настоящее время и в прошлом, сценарии вероятных извержений, виды опасности, риски катастроф. Составлена карта опасности от извержений вулкана в мелком масштабе и в виде цветной вкладки в масштабе 1:46 000. Обсуждаются вопросы организации предупреждения, эвакуации и рисков, связанных с катастрофическими извержениями. Многие обсуждаемые вопросы имеют общий характер: энергетическая классификация типов извержений, характеристика активности всех вулканов Курильских островов, предложения по расчету рисков и другие.
Книгу можно рекомендовать геологам, вулканологам, аспирантам и студентам, интересующимся изучением вулканов, вулканической опасности и вулканическим районированием, а также специалистам, занятым административной и хозяйственной деятельностью на территориях Курильских островов и в других подобных регионах.

The paper provides updated information on recent activity of Sinarka Volcano, Shiashkotan Island, the Kurile Islands. The data was obtained during expeditions to the Central and Southern Kuriles in 2007-2008. Fumarolic and hydrothermal activity of the Central extrusive dome at Sinarka Volcano and Western and North-Eastern fumaroles fields are characterized. The research revealed certain change in fumarolic and hydrothermal activity of the volcano, in comparison to the data from previous investigations. A new thermal spring was revealed within the North-Eastern fumarole field, while other springs started to die. Fumaroles with temperature about 450°С revealed on the slope of the Central extrusive dome give evidence that Sinarka Volcano is currently highly active.

Emissions of endogenous energy, volcanic gases and eruption of pyroclastic material were considered to be key factors produced by ocean volcanoes that influence the environment. The study revealed their minor influence on alteration in average global characteristics of the atmosphere and hydrosphere.Supereruptions cause catastrophic change in the environment of our planet. Volcanic seamounts provide geomorphologic basis for formation of original natural bodies.