By comparing high-quality volcanic gas and whole rock compositions, we calculated the apparent (observed) mass partition coefficients Kd* for 58 elements on six basaltic volcanoes located in arc and rift/hotspot settings. The inferred Kd* vary from � 1100 for sulfur to 0.0001 for zirconium, i.e., within seven orders of magnitude. Only 14 elements have Kd* > 1, including highly volatile S, Se, Te and halogens, as well as Tl, Re, Os, Bi, Cd, Au, In and As. Alkali metals have Kd* in the rangefrom 0.1 for Cs to 0.01 for Na. Partition coefficients of other rock-forming elements are <0.001. The partition coefficients for elements depend on element speciation and concentrations of ligand-forming elements in the gas such as sulfur and chlorine.
Elements transported in the gas predominantly as halides have higher partition coefficients in HCl-rich arc gases, whereas elements preferably forming sulfides, hydrides and free atoms, have higher Kd* in sulfur-rich, HCl-poor and reduced rift/hot-spot gases. Degassing directly from the free melt surface is negligible; deep gas passing through the erupting vent is quickly overwhelmed by the signal of low-pressure degassing. Equilibration of rising bubbles with the surrounding melt almost eliminates the difference between Kd* calculated for degassing lava flows (no connection with deep magma) and for lava lakes and open-vent volcanoes (convective mass exchange with deep magma takes place). Diffusion does not strongly affect the apparent partitioning of magmas degassing at surface. Gas bubbles growing in near-surface silicate melts at atmospheric pressure have a large density difference compared to the surrounding melt of 12–15 thousand times. This leads to the rapid expansion of such bubbles and a decrease in the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer in the melt due to its stretching around the growing bubble, which sharply decreases diffusion fractionation. As a result, the apparent partition coefficients (Kd*) for degassing basaltic volcanoes are close to the equilibrium ones (Kd) for most of the elements. The partition coefficients of volatile elements (S and Cl) calculated from the comparison of volcanic gas and rock compositions are in agreement with the values determined previously via experiments or theoretical modeling.

We analyzed the bathymetric data obtained during the cruises on the German research vessel “Sonne” using multibeam echosounders within the framework of the Russian-German projects KALMAR (cruise SO201-2, 2009) and BERING (cruise SO249-2, 2016) in the Komandorsky Basin of the Bering Sea. Detailed bathymetric maps of the Piip submarine volcano were constructed. New morphological features of its summit edifices and their age relations are described, hydrothermal activity confined to the edifices is localized, and all side cones and lava flows are mapped. Based on the flank cones and fissure lava flows alignments we determined the tectonic paleostress that existed at the time of their formation, presumably after the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene. It differs from the recent tectonic stress caused by right-lateral displacements along the Bering fault zone.

В июне 2019 г. на острове-вулкане Райкоке произошло короткое, но сильное эксплозивное извержение андезибазальтовой магмы с подземными водами, которые были представлены морской водой, просачивавшейся через проницаемые породы острова-вулкана. В процессе извержения образовались многочисленные пирокластические потоки.

For the first time, the thermal behavior of a new mineral belomarinaite KNaSO4 was studied on a natural
sample and its synthetic analogue in the range of 30‒800°C. The mineral is stable up to a temperature of
475 ± 10°C, at which it has a polymorphic transformation into a high-temperature polymorphic modification
(P63/mmc), stable up to 800°C. The thermal expansion of both modifications is sharply anisotropic, and in
the case of the high-temperature phase it is also variable as a function of temperature ‒ the dependence of the
parameter a has a U-shape with a minimum at T = 660°C. The volumetric expansion of modifications varies
in the intervals of their existence for the low-temperature phase from 80 to 200 (10–6°C–1), for the high-temperature phase, from 350 to 300 (10–6°C–1). That is, on average, the expansion of the high-temperature modification increases by a factor of 2‒3 relative to the expansion of the low-temperature phase, the main increase is in the parameter с and is determined, apparently, by restructuring the structure along this direction.

Соотношения редких элементов и изотопные отношения стронция, свинца в лавах вулкана Ключевской указывают на значительные процессы ассимиляции магмы в коре. Расположения побочных прорывов в сравнении с геофизическими наблюдениями позволяют предположить гетерогенность фундамента и наличие регионального разлома, контролирующего проявления побочных извержений.

В работе представлены результаты комплексного изучения моногенного вулканизма в МалкоПетропавловской зоне поперечных дислокаций (МПЗ), высказывается предположение о формировании моногенного вулканизма на границах разновозрастных слэбов, на продолжении Авачинского трансформного разлома. В районе МПЗ проживает около 75 % населения (~250 тыс. чел.) Камчатки, поэтому изучение вулканоопасности актуально.

Вулкан Ключевской — один из наиболее активных вулканов мира. В 2019–2020 гг. эксплозивно-эффузивное извержение вулкана продолжалось 8 мес. Эксплозивное извержение проявлялось в стромболианской активности и реже — в вулканской. Эксплозии поднимали пепел до 7 км над уровнем моря, пепловые шлейфы перемещались до 500 км в различных направлениях от вулкана. Основная площадь территории, на которой отмечались пеплопады, составляла более 60 тыс. км2. Эффузивная фаза извержения началась 18 апреля 2020 г. и продолжалась почти 2,5 месяца вплоть до окончания извержения. 18–30 апреля была отмечена наиболее высокая температура термальной аномалии в районе вулкана и наиболее плотные пепловые шлейфы, в которые помимо свежего пепла примешивался материал обвалов с бортов Апахончичского жёлоба. Протяжённость лавового потока составила 1,5 км; грязевые отложения покрыли территорию на площади около 1,7 км2. В работе дано описание хода извержения и предваряющих его событий на основании изучения видеоматериалов и различных спутниковых данных в информационной системе «Дистанционный мониторинг активности вулканов Камчатки и Курил» (VolSatView, http://kamchatka.volcanoes.smislab.ru).

Chirinkotan volcano–island is located in the rear zone of the Northern Kuril Islands. The eruptive activity of the volcano is represented by explosive (Vulcanian type) and explosive-effusive eruptions of moderate intensity; the composition of the rocks is andesite. There is information about eight historical volcanic eruptions. The paper describes the course of the eruption in August 2021 based on the study of various satellite data in the information system “Remote monitoring of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands volcanic activity” (VolSatView, http://kamchatka.volcanoes.smislab.ru). Single explosions on Chirinkotan volcano were noted on August 8–10, 15, 17, 18, 22 and 23; and three explosive events took place on August 14. Ash clouds moved mainly west, southwest, east and southeast of the volcano. The total area of ash falls during the eruption exceeded 55 thousand km2. Chirinkotan volcano ash repeatedly fell on the Islands of Raikoke, Matua, Rasshua, Ekarma, Shiashkotan, Harimkotan and Onekotan. For this eruption, the Volcanic Explosivity Index is rated 2. The activity of the volcano in August was hazardous to local aviation