Thia monograph provides a systematic catalogue description of all 97 known submarine volcanoes and aeamounts in the Kurile island arc, using materials of the R/V "Vulkanolog" six voyages. Interpretations of their morphostructural features are based on echo sounding, seismic reflection profiling, and characteristics of the magnetic field. Compositions have been determined for 80 of the volcanoes, including petrographic and geochemical data, using dredged material.
During concurrent study of subaerial and submarine volcanoes regularities in their spatial-structural distribution, transverse and longitudinal petrogeochemical, mineral, and isotopic zoning, and xenolith distribution in the lavas have been recognized. Volcanic activity is distributed in the frontal and rear-arc zones. These data are used to develop a model for magma generation with two zones of magma generation related to two levels of volatile separation from the subducting lithospheric plate.

Chemical composition of hydrothermal hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts occurring in different sections of the West Pacific transition zone is variable because hydrothermal solutions contribute differently to crust formation. The hydrothermal origin of the Fe-Mn crusts from the back-arc basins of the WPTZ is evidenced by the contrasting variations of Mn and Fe content, low concentrations of non-ferrous and earth elements (domination of the middle/heavy rare earths elements, positive Eu anomaly, increased Sm/Nd rate), high content of Li and Ba. The formation of aureoles of oxide Fe-Mn crusts is associated with modern hydrothermal activity accompanying sulfide ore outcrops at the sea bottom. All geochemical varieties of the crusts of the ocean’s rift systems have been discovered: essentially Mn- and Fe-Mn crusts and ferriferous and nontronite ones containing silicon. As for the hydrothermal crusts, their distance from the hydrotherm discharge areas is controlled by Mn/Fe. High contents of Fe are indicative for high-temperature hydrothermal process and associated shows of deep-sea polymetallic sulfides. The studied Fe-Mn crusts of unstable chemical and mineral composition are of hydrothermal-sedimentary nature at different degrees of involvement of the hydrogenous factor, which is most vividly demonstrated by the samples from the Kuril branch. These formations are the product of hydrothermal activity at the sea bottom and may be regarded as indicators for under bottom sulfide formation in the Kuril branch, similar to the major ore shows in the southern segments of WPTZ, i.e., the Sunrise (the Izu-Bonin arc) and the Jade (the Okinawa trough).

SIGMA-3D software package of structural interpretation is an effective tool for the automated three-dimensional modeling while studying magnetic anomalies created by underwater volcanoes. With the help of this software package submarine volcanoes Grigorieva, Krylatka, and Yubileiny, located in the Kurile island arc, have been studied.

The paper provides results from application of modern computer techniques for interpretation of materials from complex geophysical investigation of submarine Makarov Volcano, the Kurile island arc. Investigations allowed evaluation of rock magmatic properties in-situ, and helped to determine that the most magnetized parts of the edifice are its ridge top and a part of the southern flank up to 2300 m deep. A causative magnetic body traced to the depth of 11,5 km was revealed. The authors suggest that there is a petrified peripheral magmatic chamber at depths from 2,5 to 4,2 km and that a subvertical feeding system of the volcano.

Приводятся результаты комплексного изучения строения подводного вулкана Макарова, расположенного на Охтоморском склоне Курильской островной дуги примерно в 25 км к юго-западу от о. Чиринкотан.