Беломор. Библиография
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Allahbakhshi M., Shevchenko A., Belousov A., Belousova M., Kampf H., Walter T. Geothermal Explosion at the 2014 Landslide-Covered Area of the Geyser Valley, Kamchatka, Russian Far East // GeoHazards. 2023. Vol. 4. Vol. 1. P. 60-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/geohazards4010005
Belousov A., Belousova M., Nechaev A. Video Observations Inside Channels of Erupting Geysers, Geyser Valley, Russia // EOS Transactions. AGU Fall Meeting. 2011. № 92. P. 52
Bryan S.T., Hobart J., Warnock B., Rinehart J.S., Fenimore M., Colvin B. The Geysers of 'The Valley of Geysers'. A special report of GOSA Transactions. USA, California: B&J Printing. 1991. 60 p.
Droznin V.A. Excursion to the Kamchatka Geysers // The Journal of the Geyser Observation and Study Association. 1998. Vol. VI. P. 234-247.
Kiryukhin A.V., Polyakov A.Y., Zhuravlev N.B., Tsuchiya N., Rychkova T.V., Usacheva O.O., Dubrovskaya I.K. Dynamics of natural discharge of the hydrothermal system and geyser eruption regime in the Valley of Geysers, Kamchatka // Applied Geochemistry. 2021. Vol. 136. № 105166. 1 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.105166
Аннотация
The total deep component natural mass discharge Qd (defined in terms of chloride mass discharge Qcl) of the Valley of Geysers, on an average ranges from 280 kg/s from 1961 to 1984, to 230 kg/s after 2015. Post 2012, discharge measurements reveal a seasonal variation: the discharge increases (340–370 kg/s) during the winterfrozen period, and decreases during the summer flooding period (≈100 kg/s). Long term annually averaged Qd is 274 kg/s, Qcl is 0.247 kg/s and heat flow is 265 MW. In the course of using high-frequency (min???? 1) observations specific conductance measurements from 2017 to 2020, the total natural discharge was found to be cycling due to the internal cycling of geysers. It was mostly sensitive to the Bolshoy and Velikan geysers with averaged intervals between eruptions of 60 min and 70 min, respectively. The tracer chloride method estimates the volume of hot water erupted from geysers. This method yielded the following estimates: 5–34 m3 of hot water cyclically erupted from the Bolshoy geyser; 0.5–4.5 m3 erupted from the Velikan geyser between 2018 and 2020, and 24–144 m3 erupted before the 2014 mud-flow disaster; and 289–330 m3 erupted from the Grot geyser between May–June 2012. The seasonal features of natural discharge mentioned above may be explained in terms of coldwater infiltration into a two-phase geyser geothermal reservoir, especially if gas-phase condensation induces vacuum conditions, which may further reduce some thermal discharge features.
Leonov A., Leonov V., Hobart J. Valley of Geysers, Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka: features seen by the 1991 GOSA Expedition and Changed by the 2007 Landslide, 2013 Cyclone and 2014 Landslide // The Geyser Gazer Sput / The Newsletter of the Geyser Observation and Study Association (GOSA). 2014. Vol. 28. № 2. P. 5-26.
Leonov A.V. History of the cartography and toponymy of the Valley of Geysers (Kronotsky Reserve, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia): From field drawings to 3D documents // The Cartographic Journal. 2018. Vol. 55. Vol. 3. P. 235-255.
Leonov A.V. Сataloging of geysers in Kamchatka’s Valley of Geysers in 2011 // The Geyser Gazer Sput. 2013. Vol. 27. № 1. P. 9-18.
Белоусов А.Б., Белоусова М.Г. Гейзеры – геотермальные источники, по которым можно сверять часы // Природа. 2024. № 9. С. 3-15.
Белоусов А.Б., Белоусова М.Г. Изменения периода извержений гейзеров Долины Гейзеров (Камчатка), 1941-2021 гг. // Вулканизм и связанные с ним процессы. Материалы XXV ежегодной научной конференции, посвящённой Дню вулканолога, 30-31 марта 2022 г. Петропавловск-Камчатский: ИВиС ДВО РАН. 2022. С. 111-114.