Книга об экспедиции И. Евреинова и Ф. Лужина на Камчатку и Курильские острова, 1719–1722 гг. Основываясь на архивных документах, автор книги рассказал о том, как готовили геодезистов, восстановил маршрут экспедиции и проанализировал достигнутые ею результаты: открытие россиянами новых территорий – Камчатки и Курильских островов

With the use of the method of low-frequency microseismic sounding, the configuration of the magmatic feeding system of the Tolbachinsky Dol—a regional zone of areal basaltic volcanism in the southern part of the Klyuchevskoy volcano group in Kamchatka—is studied. The initial data are obtained by a step-by-step recording of the background microseismic noise in 2010–2015 within a thoroughly marked-out survey area covering the zones of fissure eruptions in 1975–1976 and 2012–2013 and, partly, the edifice of thePloskii (flat) Tolbachik volcano. The depth sections ref lecting the distributions of the relative velocities of seismic waves in the Earth’s crust are constructed. For a more reliable interpretation of the revealed deep anomalies, the results of independent geological and geophysical studies are used. The ascertained low-velocity structures are closely correlated to the manifestations of present-day volcanism. It is shown that the feeding structure of the Tolbachinsky Dol is spatially heterogeneous, incorporating subvertical and lateral pipe-shaped magma conduits, closely spaced magma feeding channels, and shallow magma reservoirs. A long-lived local transcrustal magma conducting zone is revealed, and regularities in the deep structure of the feeding systems of fissure eruptions are identified. The configuration of the established subvertical magma conduits permits basalts moving to rise to the surface by different paths, which, inter alia, explains the contrasting magma compositions observed during a single eruption. Thus, based on the instrumental data, it is shown that the magmatic feeding structure of the Tolbachinsky Dol has a number of specific peculiarities and is significantly more complicated than has been previously thought about the areal volcanic fields.

Numerous summit and parasitic eruptions of moderate potassium magnesian and high-alumina basalts and basaltic andesites, their mineralogic and geochemical features, and the composition of in situ chilled melt inclusions in the olivine of cinder lapilli discharged by Klyuchevskoi Volcano all provide evidence of the presence of magma chambers beneath the volcano. This is also supported by a dualism in the variation of CaO and A1203 concentrations in olivine and clinopyroxene during crystallization. The mineralogic features in the high-alumina basalts that were discharged by all parasitic eruptions of Klyuchevskoi provide evidence of magnesian magma being emplaced from a deeper chamber into a shallow high-alumina chamber. The distribution of incoherent elements in the volcano's magnesian and aluminiferous rocks shows that they came from a single mantle source. The geochemical and mineralogic data are in good agreement with the results of geophysical surveys that concern the structure and properties of the lithosphere beneath Klyuchevskoi.

Многочисленные вершинные и побочные извержения умереннокалиевых магнезиальных и высокоглиноземистых базальтов и андезибазальтов, их минералогические и геохимические особенности, состав природнозакаленных расплавных включений в оливинах шлаковых лапилли вулкана Ключевской свидетельствуют о наличии магматических очагов под вулканом. На это же указывает, дуализм в изменении содержаний СаО и А1203 в оливинах и клинопироксенах во время кристаллизации. Минералогические особенности высокоглиноземистых андезибазальтов, всех побочных извержений вулкана Ключевской свидетельствуют о внедрении магнезиальной магмы из глубинного очага в малоглубинную высокоглиноземистую камеру. Распределение некогерентных элементов в магнезиальных и глиноземистых породах вулкана указывает на их генезис из одного мантийного источника. Геохимические и минералогические данные находятся в хорошем соответствии с результатами геофизических исследований структуры и свойств литосферы под вулканом Ключевской.