Первая часть работы посвящена основным вопросам четвертичного вулканизма Срединного хребта Камчатки. Рассматривается соотношение пород фундамента и четвертичных эффузивов, расчленение четвертичных эффузивов на отдельные возрастные комплексы и выделяются два этапа в четвертичном вулканическом цикле излияний. Приводится характеристика особенностей вулканической деятельности обоих этапов, петрографо-петрохимический анализ продуктов извержений, а также рассматривается структурное положение четвертичных эффузивов и доказывается, что выделенные этапы четвертичного вулканизма соответствуют определенным стадиям геосинклинального цикла в развитии земной коры. В заключение приводятся история четвертичного вулканизма, геологический эффект четвертичных излияний, а также сравнительная характеристика его с другими вулканическими зонами Камчатки и сопредельными территориями.

This book is the fi rst basic edition considering the issues of genetic volcanology. Petrological aspects of magma formation have been investigated as well as physical processes that account for the mechanisms of various types of eruptions. Continuous calc-alkaline series of the Klyuchevskoy volcano rocks (high-Mg basalts – high-Al basaltic andesites) have been shown to form due to decompression fractionation of dark-colored minerals taking place mostly between the eruptions during the pauses of magma migration. For the fi rst time a volcano has been presented as a wideband generator of periodic processes occurring within the intervals from a few seconds to a few days. To study the above processes, a unique large experimental facility representing a laboratory volcano was designed and constructed. Physical modelling carried out using this facility allowed developing a new classifi cation of gas-hydrodynamic regimes occurring in long vertical columns. Physical principles accounting for the monotonous and periodic types of eruptions of basalt and basaltic andesite volcanoes have been defi ned.
Dynamic model of the Klyuchevskoy volcano eruptions has been developed based upon the major aspects of basalt-basaltic andesite volcanism – magmatic melts evolution, periodicities in the eruption dynamics, and mechanisms of various types of eruptions.
For experts in geology, volcanology, petrology, mineralogy, geophysics, geothermal researches, oil geology, physics, gashydrodynamics, geography, and ecology.

The monograph is devoted to the spatio-temporal activation of Holocene volcanism within the Miocene-Quaternary volcanic zone of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. The pattern of volcanic activation, grouping elements and periodic pulses of endogenous activity, as well as their chronological relationship with episodes of endogenous activity increasing of the North Pacific. The characteristics of individual volcanic centers and the largest eruptions are provided. Age determinations of eruptions are based on detailed tephrochronological research and extensive radiocarbon dating.
For a wide range of professionals in the field of geology, geochronology, volcanology, petrology, geography,
geomorphology, paleoclimatology, ecology and geobotany.

Petrographic Code of Russia is a set of fundamental rules and recommendations approving and confirming the unified and standardized petrographic terminology and nomenclature of endogenic and coptogenic formations, as well as the taxonomy of petrographic units. The unified notional base, which forms the basis of the Petrographic Code, is used during compilation of the State Geological Maps at different scales, serial legends to them, during forecast-prospecting works, thematic investigations, as well as during map compilation in the framework of international projects.

The Code of the second and third editions has a new structure as compared to the first one, new appendices are prepared. Taking into account new requirements of the geological practice, new sections on sedimentary-volcanogenic formations, migmatites etc. are added. Sections related to metamorphic and metasomatic formations are reworked; distinguishing of fluid-explosive rocks bearing different mineral types into an individual genetic type is substantiated. The content of most of previous provisions is changed; many articles are reworked or abbreviated, new ones are included. Recommendations of the Commission on Systematics in Petrology of the International Union of Geological Sciences are taken into account during development of the Code.

Предлагаемая книга посвящена исследованию индикаторной роли оливин - шпинелевой ассоциации в генезисе пород базит - гипербазитового ряда. На базе экспериментальных результатов получены уравнения, позволяющие определять равновесность - неравновесность этой минеральной ассоциации с расплавом, определять температуру этого равновесия, оценивать Fe2+/Mg отношение и содержание магния в расплаве. На примере ряда природных объектов (базальты БТТИ, коматииты, включения в алмазах, ультрабазитовые комплексы расслоенных интрузий) показана приложимость и информативность полученных уравнений. Приведена аргументация в пользу твердофазного генезиса алмазов и предложены критерии поиска сейсмогенных алмазов, обсуждается информативность магнезиальной шпинели, как показателя платиноносности ультрабазитов.
Книга адресована студентам старших курсов геологических специальностей, аспирантам и специалистам, ведущим исследования основных – ультраосновных пород.

This monograph shows the results of two interrelated lines in scientifi c investigation. 600 equations based on experimental data «INFOREX» resulted from the first line of scientifi c investigation. These equations allow calculating concentration of elements in melt, values of temperature and pressure; estimating equilibrium of phases and melts. Many of them are unique and the analogous equations used by petrologists have worse statistical characteristics. The second line of the scientifi c investigation specifi es and generalizes genetic peculiarities of bodies and massifs, composed of rocks of basite-hyperbasite series with different facial, formational and geodynamic characteristics by means of the obtained equations.
Among the results the most essential are re-equilibration of compositions of spinel–olivine associations in effusive rocks with basic-ultrabasic composition, except for paragenesis in basalts from the rift valley of the Mid-Ocean Ridge; limited depth of crystallization (not less than 15 kb, 40–45 km) of most magmas with basicultrabasic composition; characteristics of Ca behaviour in olivine; non-magmatic genesis of diamantes from kimberlites.
This monograph would be useful for geologists, PhD students and students of geological departments.