Работа посвящена методике восстановления оптических параметров вулканического H2SO4 по данным радиометра AHI спутника Himawari-8. Методика основана на использовании оптических моделей для различных смесей аэрозольных компонентов вулканического облака, представленных пеплом, кристаллами льда, каплями воды и каплями H2SO4. Использование многокомпонентных оптических моделей различного аэрозольного состава позволило оценить оптическую толщину и массовое содержание H2SO4 в сернокислом облаке, образованном после извержения вулкана Карымский 3 ноября 2021 г. Был проведен комплексный анализ спектральных характеристик сернокислого облака в коротковолновом и инфракрасном диапазоне длин волн, по результатам которого установлено, что сернокислое облако преимущественно представляет собой смесь капель H2SO4 и воды.

Based on of experimental data obtained during almost 30 years period at the Kamchatka volcanic eruptions, acoustic signals in the range of 1,0-10 Hz are considered, generated immediately during the magma disebaige onto the surface due to its degassing. It is shown that the acoustic signals from this range generated by volcanic eruptions are weak shock airwaves in the nearby zone. They can be divided based on their of its impulse form and statistical parameters in to 6 types associated with different unsteady processes conditioned by magma degassing. The crater dimensions control the characteristic time of pulse of surplus pressure of volcanic shock airwaves. Acoustic signals contain information about eruption dynamics and crater geometry modifications, on the examples of terminal and lateral eruptions of the Kluchevskoi volcano in May-June, 1983. The author made estimations of explosive gas amount for three strombolian type eruptions, using acoustic signals parameters. Basis for a scientific direction – volcanic acoustics – is established.
The book is of special interest for specialists in volcanology, atmosphere acoustics and explosions.

Records of microbarographic instruments in the near zone (45 and 113 km) were used for a detailed analysis of wave disturbances in the atmosphere accompanying the November 12, 1964 Shiveluch eruption. It is shown that the wave disturbances due to this major explosive eruption were largely caused by the formation of a convective column; they provide information on the time history of the eruption and the amount of erupted ash. The relation between seismic and acoustic intensities shows that the eruption started with a giant landslide (1.5 km3) giving rise to an ash cloud that produced the first acoustic signal. Volcanic tremor began 12 min after the slide and a second acoustic source began operating. This was related to starting Plinian activity and eruption of pyroclastic flows. The transition from one phase of the eruption to the next was accompanied by increased volcanic tremor and acoustic signal component of frequency > 0.05 Hz, as well as by generation of a long period (greater than 10 min) disturbance having an excess pressure of 50 Pa at 113 km distance. The amount of ash ejected into the atmosphere as inferred from long period disturbance energy is estimated to be 0.35-0.45 km3, which is in satisfactory agreement with geological evidence (0.3 km3).

The paper provides an overview of recent studies related to the shock-wave and acoustic effects in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions. Brief description is given to the development of a new trend known as Acoustics from Volcanic Eruptions (AVE) and informational content of wave disturbances in the atmosphere regarding the dynamics of eruptions and parameters of explosive process. Wave disturbances in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions were classified and presented in the paper to explain their unique nature.