The Volcanoes of the World database is a catalog of Holocene and Pleistocene volcanoes, and eruptions from the past 12,000 years.

Unique compositional diversity of volcanic rocks was recently discovered in an active fault zone of the Sredinny Range (Kamchatka) located in the zone of monogenetic volcanism near the Tigil and Oxi volcanoes. The lavas in the zone represent common for SR medium-K, high-K and high-Ti, and also unique for Kamchatka high-LREE and high-Mg varieties. In this contribution, we present new Sr-Nd isotope data for a representative set of lava samples from this area. The isotopic and geochemical characteristics of the majority of selected samples can be explained by the differences in the amount of fluid, fluid sources and melting conditions, proposed earlier for the SR. The high-LREE picritic basalts, however, differ significantly from the other Kamchatka volcanic rocks—their highly unusual high-LREE, high-Li and low-LILE geochemical characteristics combine with the highest 87Sr/86Sr (0.70365) and second-highest εNd (9.9) values ever reported for lavas from the SR. We suggest that they represent the product of melting of the specific SR lithosphere domain that has been metasomatized by melts derived from a strongly degassed slab.

Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanism in Kamchatka results from the subduction of the
Pacific Plate under the peninsula and forms three volcanic belts arranged in en echelon manner
from southeast to northwest. The cross-arc extent of recent volcanism exceeds 250 km and
is one of the widest worldwide. All the belts are dominated by mafic rocks. Eruptives with
SiO2>57% constitute ~25% of the most productive Central Kamchatka Depression belt and
~30% of the Eastern volcanic front, but <10% of the least productive Sredinny Range belt.
All the Kamchatka volcanic rocks exhibit typical arc-type signatures and are represented
by basalt-rhyolite series differing in alkalis. Typical Kamchatka arc basalts display a strong
increase in LILE, LREE and HFSE from the front to the back-arc. La/Yb and Nb/Zr increase
from the arc front to the back arc while B/Li and As, Sb, B, Cl and S concentrations decrease.
The initial mantle source below Kamchatka ranges from N-MORB-like in the volcanic front
and Central Kamchatka Depression to more enriched in the back arc. Rocks from the Central
Kamchatka Depression range in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.70334 to 0.70366, but have almost
constant Nd isotopic ratios (143Nd/144Nd 0.51307–0.51312). This correlates with the highest
U/Th ratios in these rocks and suggest the highest fluid-flux in the source region.
Holocene large eruptions and eruptive histories of individual Holocene volcanoes have been
studied with the help of tephrochronology and 14C dating that permits analysis of time-space
patterns of volcanic activity, evolution of the erupted products, and volcanic hazards.

This impressive scientific resource presents up-to-date information on ten thousand years of volcanic activity on Earth. In the decade and a half since the previous edition was published new studies have refined assessments of the ages of many volcanoes, and several thousand new eruptions have been documented. This edition updates the book's key components: a directory of volcanoes active during the Holocene; a chronology of eruptions over the past ten thousand years; a gazetteer of volcano names, synonyms, and subsidiary features; an extensive list of references; and an introduction placing these data in context. This edition also includes new photographs, data on the most common rock types forming each volcano, information on population densities near volcanoes, and other features, making it the most comprehensive source available on Earth's dynamic volcanism.

We report, here, the composition and Ksingle bondAr ages of a representative collection of volcanic rocks that erupted within three monogenetic volcanic fields in the active fault zone of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka: Tigilsky Dol, Mount Oxi massif and Anaunsky Dol. The studied rocks display a wide range of compositions (medium-K, moderate-Mg, high-K, high-Ti and high-Mg basalts, and high-LREE picrobasalts); the high-Mg varieties are confined to faults. Five main periods of volcanic activity were investigated, 4.3–3, 2, 1.5, 1 Ma and from 0.3 to <0.05 Ma. Primitive lavas first emerged on the surface at 3.5 Ma. There was a massive outpouring of high-Mg lavas at 1.5–1 and 0.3 Ma, which could have been related to the formation of the fault zone. This is the first report of rocks in Kamchatka with a high-LREE picrobasaltic composition (1.5 Ma). The Fo content of the olivine phenocrysts reaches 93.2 mol%, which is the highest value known for Quaternary Kamchatka basalts. A very heterogeneous source, even for individual eruptions is indicated by the minor element contents in the olivine (Ni, Mn and Ca); Cr-spinel – olivine paragenesis show that all the rocks studied crystallized in the same temperature range (1111–1292 °C), whereas the oxygen fugacity for the different samples varied from ΔQFM +0.7 to +2.0 log. units. A melt inclusion study showed that the Mg basalts of the Mt. Oxi massif and the high-LREE picrobasalts of Tigilsky Dol had different fluid sources that were enriched and depleted in water and Cl, respectively. We argue that the fluid source for the Mt. Oxi massif was likely the remains of the Pacific slab under the Sredinny Range, whereas, for the high-LREE picrobasalts of Tigilsky Dol, it was the lithospheric lithologies. The low content of S and high content of Cu in the oxidized high-LREE basalts provide additional evidence that they originated from the re-melting of sulfur-poor lithospheric lithologies. Both the fault zone and the lithosphere re-activation in the region are likely linked to the regional stress field.

Анализ геохимических характеристик миоцен-четвертичных вулканитов Срединного хребта Камчатки позволил выделить в его пределах несколько различных провинций: северную и южную части хребта, а внутри последней дополнительно «восточную», «западную» и «центральную» ветви. Приведены новые данные по составу неоген-четвертичных вулканических пород южной части Срединного хребта Камчатки: вулканическим массивам Хангар, Ичинский, горы Юртиная в «западной» ветви хребта, вулканическим проявлениям Быстринского и Козыревского хребта в «восточной» ветви, а также Анаунскому долу и массиву Уксичан. Показано, что наблюдаются систематические отличия в составах пород «западной» и «восточной» ветвей. В пределах «восточной» ветви в неогене проявлен вулканизм островодужного типа. В четвертичное время в геохимических характеристиках вулканитов этого района сочетаются признаки островодужного и внутриплитного происхождения. Такой геохимический тип авторы предлагают называть гибридным. В пределах «западной» ветви вулканизм гибридного типа проявляется начиная с неогена, а типично островодужные вулканиты не обнаружены. Процессы магмогенерации в «западной» ветви Cрединного хребта в значительной степени подвержены влиянию мантийного источника обогащенного типа; участие флюида здесь ощущается в меньшей степени, чем в породах «восточной» ветви, где явно прослеживается субдукционный компонент источника.

Isotope-geochemical material for Pliocene-Quaternary volcanoes of the Kamchatka region is generalized on a cartographic basis. The Sr-isotope anomalies of moderate and elevated radiogenicity, geochemically confirmed, are spatially conjugated. This made it possible to interpret these anomalies not only as a reflection of mantle plume material in the composition of volcanic rocks, but also of its hybrid environment, as a consequence of plum-lithosphere remobilization. The presence of multi-directional geochemical trends made it possible to propose the concept of moving boundary values for the composition of indicator rocks of the intraplate type and adakites, which significantly expanded the possibilities of their diagnostics. The isotope-geochemical heterogeneity of basaltoids of the region is generally determined by the peculiarities of concentration of rocks with intraplate and adakite geochemical characteristics, which allows considering the asthenospheric diapirism as the main factor of petrogenesis of Pliocene-Quaternary volcanism in Kamchatka.