Рассмотрены влияние микрогетерогенной структуры магматических расплавов на характер вулканических извержений и процессы преобразования первичных минералов. Исследованы особенности кристаллизации вулканических стекол и их искусственных аналогов. Исходя из определяющей роли степени полимеризации алюмосиликатной составляющей, введен новый структурно-чувствительный параметр (р) , который для всех химических составов магматических пород оказался равным 1+/-0,1. Выявлен физический смысл границы при Р =1+/-0,1, делящей природные расплавы на две группы, отличающиеся по физическим свойствам (электропроводность, вязкость), в частности по поведению при вулканической деятельности (разный характер извержения) и интенсивности взаимодействия первичных кристаллических фаз с расплавом при изменении физико-химических условий в процессе извержения. Проведен сравнительный анализ эволюции минералов в ходе извержения базальтовой (Р=0,7) и андезито-дацитовой (Р=0,95) магм от наиболее закаленных пирокластических продуктов до материала лавовых потоков. Для базальтового извержения сопоставление шлака и лавы дало возможность авторам показать на эволюции хром-пикотитов большую роль обмена кристалл-остаточный расплав и тем самым высокую подвижность элементов в кристаллах при магматических температурах.
Для вулканологов, минералогов

The origin of diamonds in the lava and ash of the recent Tolbachik eruption of 2012–2013 (Kamchatka) is enigmatic. The mineralogy of the host rocks provides no evidence for the existence of the high pressure that is necessary for diamond formation. The analysis of carbon isotope systematics showed a similarity between the diamonds and dispersed carbon from the Tolbachik lava, which could serve as a primary material for diamond synthesis. There are grounds to believe that the formation of Tolbachik diamonds was related to fluid dynamics. Based on the obtained results, it was suggested that Tolbachik microdiamonds were formed as a result of cavitation during the rapid movement of volcanic fluid. The possibility of cavitation-induced diamond formation was previously theoretically substantiated by us and confirmed experimentally. During cavitation, ultrahigh pressure is generated locally (in collapsing bubbles), while the external pressure is not critical for diamond synthesis. The conditions of the occurrence of cavitation are rather common in geologic processes. Therefore, microdiamonds of such an origin may be much more abundant in nature than was supposed previously.

Geological and geophysical data on the large Fissure Tolbachik eruption of 1975-1976. Tolbachik eruption in 1975-1976 is the largest basaltic eruption of Kurile-Kamchatka volcanic belt which took place in the historic period and seems to be one of the most remarkable geological events on the Earth in our century. During this eruption a complex of seismological and other gophysical, geodetic, geological-geochemical investigations was carried out; In this book are presented the description of the eruption, data on its products, essential changes of the basalt composition during eruption, on magmatic gases and their metal content, volcanic earthquakes and tremor, on mechanism of this eruption, deformation of Earth’s surface due to basalt intrusion, deep structure of the region of eruption and etc.
On the whole this book is interesting for specialists in geology, geophysics and geochemistry, studying problems of volcanic and magmatic activity, volcanic products, sources of ore metals and geodynamics.