MONITORING OF ACTIVE KAMCHATKAN VOLCANOES
USING REMOTE METHODS IN 2005
Sergey L. Senyukov, Svetlana Y. Droznina, Irina N. Nuzhdina,
Valentina T. Garbuzova, and Tatiana Y. Kozhevnikova
Kamchatkan Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, RUSSIA
e-mail: ssl@emsd.ru
Kamchatkan Branch of the Geophysical Survey (KBGS) RAS has being monitored
volcanic activity since February 2000 (http://emsd.iks.ru/~ssl/monitoring/main.htm)
using three remote methods: 1) Seismic monitoring is a leading method (processing and
interpretation of the data from automatic telemetric seismic stations); 2) Visual and video
observation; 3) Satellite observation. Processing and interpretation of the sensor AVHRR
data from satellite NOAA. Data from KCCM (Kamchatsky Centre of Communication
and Monitoring).
In 2005, Sheveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny and Karymsky volcanoes had the
eruptions. Successful short-term eruption predictions (time and size) for Bezymianny and
Klyuchevskoy volcanoes were made by Research Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic
Activity (KBGS) and passed to Kamchatkan Branch of Russian Advisory Council.

В настоящей работе рассматривается процесс околофумарольного минералообразования наряду с изучением химического состава фумарольных газов и измененных пород на активнодействующих вулканах Камчатки. Результаты исследований минерального состава и геохимической специализации возгонов в постэруптивном процессе вулканов представляют дополнительные сведения об условиях переноса металлов в газожидких растворах и соответственно формировании рудных месторождений.

Data are presented about the chemical and isotopic composition of fumarolic gases and thermal water collected in the crater of the Mutnovskiy volcano from 1963 to 1989. A thermodynamic approach, balance estimates and information on the hydrogeological characteristics of the Mutnovskiy geothermal field and volcanic structure were used in the interpretation of the data. Three groups of fumarolic vents in the craters of the volcano have been active for many years (the Aktivnaya cone, the Verkhneye field and the Donnoye field) and differ in the composition of their gases, the isotopic composition of the water, a activity and He ratios. It was shown that the composition of the fumarolic gases is formed as a result of the interaction between the magmatic fluid, the surface and thermal waters and also the boiling of ultra-acidic brines-the mixed waters that form the local hydrothermal system of the Donnoye field in the crater of the Mutnovskiy volcano.

The role of flowing peripheral and crustal magma chambers in the Mutnovskii-Gorelyi volcanic cluster, Kamchatka is demonstrated for the thermal supply of the Mutnovskii hydrothermal system. A numerical study of the growth and evolution in size for several upper crustal magma chambers of various ages has been carried out for the Mutnovskii-Gorelyi volcanic cluster, which has a common magma system as the source of supply. The influence of fluids for heat transfer to the host rocks has been incorporated in our models. The results from this modeling of magma chamber growth were used to deal with the nonstationary problem of estimating the temperature distribution around size-varying magma chambers. This enabled us to compute the temperature fields around the chambers and to assess the heat stored in the host rocks. In addition, we found how much of the heat flow in the Mutnovskii geothermal field can be used to produce consumable energy.

The reports, introduced on scientific session of the First International Kuril-Kamchatka field workshop, are published in this book. Papers are devoted to studying the geothermal and mineral resources of modern volcanism areas and, first of all, to researching the long-living ore-forming hydrothermal-magmatic systems of insular arcs. The following scientific themes in six sections are submited: (1) geothermal resources, common problems; (2) structure, thermal and power supply of hydrothermal-magmatic systems; (3) petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of rocks; (4) geochemistry and dynamics of gases and natural waters; (5) ore mineralization in geothermal systems; (6) seismicity of geothermal regions and geotechnological aspects. The tendencies of development of researches, the new ideas and concrete actual materials on an example of geothermal fields of Kuril Islands and Kamchatka, and also New Zealand, Philippines, USA etc., are discussed. The new tasks of geothermal and mineral resources studying are formulated.

Приводятся сведения об особенностях поведения временного ряда объемной активности радона за период 2000–2015 гг. в зоне влагонасыщения в районе Паратунского геотермального месторождения и временного ряда объемной доли молекулярного водорода газа теплоносителя скв. 016 Мутновского месторождения и их связи с сейсмичностью северо-западного обрамления Тихого океана. Сделан вывод, что длительные тренды в динамике объемной активности радона и высокая объемная доля молекулярного водорода в 2014 г. обусловлены изменением поля напряжений в зоне субдукции северо-западного фланга Тихого океана. Сделано предположение о возможности землетрясения с М > 7.5 в ближайшее 1.5 года. По данным академика С.А. Федотова, наиболее вероятный район этого события – от полуострова Шипунский до острова Шиашкотан (Средние Курилы)

Рассмотрена динамика газового состава теплоносителя Мутновской Геотермальной электростанции за период июнь - декабрь 2004 г. Выявлена тенденция снижения доли газа и понижения в нем отношения CO2/H2S.

The paper describes petrophysical changes of Neogene-Quaternary volcanic rocks from Mutnovsky volcanic region under the action of hydrothermal processes. It was concluded that hydrothermal alterations lead to remarkable changes of physical and mechanical properties of rocks however the tendency of properties variation is different depending from a number of factors. Propylitization causes rocks consolidation, hardening, an increase of elastic properties, a decrease of porosity and disappearing of hygroscopic moisture. The influence of low-temperature fluids on the rocks is not so unequivocally. There can be a decrease as well as an increase of petrophysical properties. The sharp difference by properties, the structure of pore-space and the character and speed of hydrothermal alterations is observed between lavas and volcaniclastic rocks. However the primary differences between these rocks can disappear due to an intensive hydrothermal activity.