Меняйлов И.А., Никитина Л.П., Шапарь В.Н. Геохимические особенности фумарольных газов на различных стадиях активности вулканов Тихоокеанского вулканического пояса // Вулканология и сейсмология. 1991. № 1. С. 79-92.
During 1988 gas samples were collected by one technique from the following volcanic fumaroles within the Pacific ocean ring: Momotombo (Nikaragua), the White Island and Raul (New Zealand), Sheveluch (Kamchatka) and Ebeko (the Ku-rile Islands). Gas temperature of fumaroles varied between 92° and 882° C. In this connection, oseveral types of fumaroles were distinguished: magmatic - high temperature (850° C), .mean temperature (300-500° C), low temperature (100-120° C), and aqueous carbon dioxide low temperature (100°C). Independently of the state of activity, location and evolution stage of volcanoes, the atomic composition beeing similar, the molecular ratios of volcanic gases are controlled by mineral buffers of partial oxygen pressure!. The paper is of interest in searching for eruption precur-sors in the change of gas composition when visible variations of fumarole temperature are lacking
