Рассмотрено образование различных типов магматических пород с использованием для расшифровки их генезиса геологических, петрографических и петрохимичсских методов, а также данных по экспериментальному изучению фазовых равновесий в породах. Уделено внимание распределению редких элементов в горных породах и изотопному анализу. Дана оценка возможностей и применимости различных методов исследования. Обоснована ведущая роль магматической дифференциации в генезисе изверженных пород. Освещены вопросы методологии их изучения.

Для геологов, петрографов и других специалистов, занимающихся изучением изверженных пород и связанных с ними полезных ископаемых. Может быть полезна студентам вузов геологического профиля.

The information system "Remote monitoring of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands volcanic activity" (VolSatView IS) was created in 2011. The system provides specialists with access to a variety of information, including long-term archives of remote sensing data needed for remote monitoring of volcanic activity, requiring only a web browser to use the system. Since the launch of the system, the list of available data, as well as tools for their analysis, has been continuously expanding. By now, there is a lot of experience in daily use of the system by the specialists in volcanology. This article describes the current state of the system, including recent developments, such as determination of the height of ash plumes, improvement of the time series analysis tools, implementation of specialized data processing products.

Since 2011, experts from IVS FEB RAS, SRI RAS, CC FEB RAS and FE Planeta RC are operating and developing the “Remote monitoring of Volcanic Activity in Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands” (VolSatView) information sys-tem that utilize all the available satellite data, weather and video observations to ensure continues monitoring and study of volcanic activity in Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands. This paper provides the capabilities of VolSatView for real-time monitoring of volcanoes, analysis of eruptions dynamics and their products, and forecasting of eruptive activity.

Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands are home to 36 active volcanoes with yearly explosive eruptions that eject ash to heights of 8 to 15 km above sea level, posing hazards to jet planes. In order to reduce the risk of planes colliding with ash clouds in the north Pacific, the KVERT team affiliated with the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IV&S FEB RAS) has conducted daily satellite-based monitoring of Kamchatka volcanoes since 2002. Specialists at the IV&S FEB RAS, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRI RAS), the Computing Center of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CC FEB RAS), and the Far East Planeta Center of Space Hydrometeorology Research (FEPC SHR) have developed, introduced into practice, and were continuing to refine the VolSatView information system for Monitoring of Volcanic Activity in Kamchatka and on the Kuril Islands during the 2011–2015 period. This system enables integrated processing of various satellite data, as well as of weather and land-based information for continuous monitoring and investigation of volcanic activity in the Kuril–Kamchatka region. No other information system worldwide offers the abilities that the Vol-SatView has for studies of volcanoes. This paper shows the main abilities of the application of VolSatView for routine monitoring and retrospective analysis of volcanic activity in Kamchatka and on the Kuril Islands.