The paper describes the analysis of global data on the isotopic composition of waters from about 120 world surface mud volcanoes. Frequency distribution for δ18O is bimodal, the most frequent values lie within the intervals (+1; +2)‰ and (+5; +6)‰. Frequency distribution for δD is asymmetric with a maximum lying within the range (−15; −10)‰. Midline angle factor of isotopic composition on the δ18O−δD diagram is close to 1. The authors suppose that the variety of isotopic composition of the mud volcanic waters is determined mainly by two processes: mixing of initial seawater with water formed during the dehydration of clay minerals and dilution by meteoric waters. The first process occurred predominantly on the stage of formation of mud volcanoes in the geological past, while the second process occurs on the modern stage of activity of mud volcanoes.

На основании систематизации и анализа вулканологических, петрологических и экспериментальных данных установлено, что разнообразие извержений, наблюдаемых на Камчатке, обусловлено двумя принципиально разными эруптивными моделями: газогидродинамической – для жидких базальт-андезибазальтовых магм и вязкоупругодинамической – для малоподвижных андезитовых-дацитовых магм.

Fieldworks at Alaid Volcano in 2017, Atlasov Island, the Kuriles

Complex investigations of the mineral composition and petromagnetic properties of the rock samples constituting the Minami-Khiosi submarine volcano which is located in the Mariana island arc were carried out for the first time. The Minami-Khiosi submarine volcano is part of the Khiosi volcanic complex in the alkaline province of the Izu-Bonin and Mariana island arcs. The rocks analyzed are enriched in К2О (1.34-3.30 %), Ва - 370-806 ppm, and Sr - 204-748 ppm. Basalts exhibit a porphyric structure. Impregnations are mostly olivine, its single crystals or their concretions. In some samples olivine is very large in size (about 2 cm), but at the same time the grain-size of the main bulk is fine-crystalline. The studied samples include no less than 3 Fe-bearing oxide minerals. Among them are dominant titanomagnetite, and ilmenite and Fe hydroxides are less abundant. It has been established that the studied samples are mainly magnetically isotropic, have high values of natural remanent magnetization and Königsberger factor. As in other Late Cenozoic island arc submarine volcanoes of the Western Pacific the studied samples are highly differentiated by the amount of natural remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility. The main carriers of magnetization are low coercive magnetic minerals (titanomagnetite and magnetite) pseudosingle-domain structure and high coercivity (hematite). High values of natural remanent magnetization are due to psevdosingle-domain structure of titanomagnetite grains and high values of magnetic susceptibility are explained by a high concentration of ferromagnetic grains.

The paper presents data describing volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands in 2016. The eruptions of Alaid (Atlasova Island), Ebeko, Chikurachki ( Paramushir Island), Chirinkotan (Chirinkotan Island) and Snow (Chirpoi Island) volcanoes are considered.

Data showing the activity of the volcanoes in the Kurilе Island Arc in the XXI century are given. The volcanic eruptions at the volcanoes Chikurachki, Chirinkotan, Ebeko, Sarychev Peak, Ekarma, Ivan Grozny, Alaid and Snow were considered. Increase of steam-gas activity was observed at the volcanoes Sinarka (Shiashkotan Isl.), Berg (Urup Isl.), Severgin Peak (Kharimkotan Isl.) and Kudryavy (Iturup Isl.). It is shown that the brief (from a few hours to several days) explosive eruptions of weak and moderate intensity (VEI = 0–3) prevailed. The most active were volcanoes Chikurachki (8 events) and Ebeko (4 events) (Paramushir Isl.). The strongest eruption during the reporting period was explosiveeffusive eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano in 2009; the longest were effusive eruptions of Snow Volcano (Chirpoi Isl.) in 2012–2016. The total volume of erupted material for the years 2000–2016 does not exceed 0.3–0.4 km3.

Based on the integrated investigation, the authors obtained data on granulometric, chemical and mineral composition of ashes from the March — April, 2017 Kambalny Volcano eruption.
The data showed that the ash is resurgent, and it consists of the hydrothermally altered andesites from the Kambalny Ridge being the volcano bedding rocks. The authors suggest that the seismic build-up prior to the eruption and the 2017 explosive eruption were caused by the renewed gas-and-hydrothermal processes in the basement rocks of the Kambalny Ridge.

Пепловые облака, возникающие в результате эксплозивных извержений вулканов, представляют реальную угрозу для жизнедеятельности человека (для полетов воздушных судов, работы аэродромов и т.д.), поэтому обнаружение, отслеживание и прогноз их перемещения актуальны и важны. Описаны возможности и примеры применения нового инструмента, созданного на базе информационной системы “Мониторинг активности вулканов Камчатки и Курил” (VolSatView). Он позволяет решать задачи комплексного мониторинга и прогноза распространения пепловых облаков с помощью данных дистанционного зондирования и результатов математического моделирования, а также оценить параметры эксплозивных событий.