Lake Kipyashchee (Boiling) with an area of ~4.6 ha and a maximum depth of 25 m fills the explosion funnel near one of the extrusive domes of the Golovnin volcano caldera. The water of the lake is ultra-acid (рН = 2.2–2.5) of the chloride-sulfate type with a mineralization of 2.0–2.2 g/l. The water temperature on the surface varies from 30 to 100°C, the average is 37°C. The flow of the lake is carried out through the Protoka in the lake Goryachee (Hot) is 120 l/s (August 2021). The hydrothermal output of magmatic Cl and S (as SO4) from Lake Kipyashchee is 10 t/day and 5.4 t/day, respectively. For the first time, the total diffusive removal of carbon dioxide from the surface of Lake Kipyashchee was estimated as 5.4 tons/day. Obtained from the results of field work in 2020–2021 geochemical data indicate an increase (compared to 2015) in hydrothermal activity in the Golovnin volcano caldera.

Based on computer vision and machine learning methods, algorithms have been developed to classify images from fixed video cameras, as well as detect signs of volcanic activity in them. The results of testing the developed algorithms are presented using the example of observation data on the Klyuchevskoy and Sheveluch volcanoes. It is shown that the proposed solutions can be used for operational and retrospective monitoring of volcanic activity.

This is the first petrophysical study of extrusive rocks (dacites to andesites) discharged by Bezymianny Volcano. We provide a comparative description of properties for extrusive rocks in accordance with identified age groups. We show the dynamics in the variation of extrusive rock properties in relation to their ages, with the result that the older a rock the higher are its density, strength, and elastic parameters. Rocks petrophysical features are compared between extrusive domes and lava flows. We argue for petrophysical properties to be applicable for deriving more accurate results for the genesis of rocks having similar petrophysical properties, in particular, rocks of extrusive and effusive origin.

We show that the terrestrial land and seafloor contain no volcano-tectonic mega landforms expressed in relief that could be similar in size to those identified on Mars, and could have analogous structure and origin to the giant landforms whose volumes of constituent rocks are (1-2.4) x 106 km3 (Alba Patera, Olympus Mons, Arsia Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Elysium Mons). No fragments or traces of similar features have ever been unambiguously identified and described in geological rock sequences, not only in Mesozoic and Cenozoic rock sequences, but also in those dating back to Paleozoic time. The same applies to the older epochs on Earth. Now the topographic constituent components of Martian mega landforms have the appearance of very magnified copies of well-known and repeatedly described terrestrial volcanic edifices, viz., dominantly shield-like and lava volcanoes, lava domes, as well as calderas of various types. However, the edifices of the above types of volcanoes are not identical with their Martian counterparts as to morphology, being shorter in height and having steeper slopes. The calderas are smaller by factors of multiple times. The Martian volcanic landforms are much older. There is a unique edifice, namely, Olympus Mons, a mega land-form that stands in a large glacier sheet and for whose origin glacial processes are also responsible. It is classified as belonging to the type of giant tuyas. Its mini analogues are glacial subaerial tuyas of different ages and parameters that have been subjected to glaciation in volcanic areas on Earth.

На основе данных дистанционного зондирования за период с 1999 по 2021 гг. определены этапы изменения активности кратерного озера вулкана Малый Семячик. Показано, что изменение цветовой палитры поверхности озера является следствием изменения химического состава воды.