For the first time the causes of the birth of volcanoes in the depths of the planet and the mechanism of magma ejection to the surface are explained. The final conclusion was obtained as a result of the integration of knowledge of several sciences. Their synthesis allowed to define VOLCANO as a self-organizing space-time vortex dissipative structure, the form of which is created and carried in the form of waves, and through the thread (core) of the structure is the drain of magma. Such structures are itself born in a suitable chaotic environment; appropriate environment arises as a consequence of high pressure, which breaks down the structures of molecules and this creates a lot of different moving particles. The pressure necessary for this, apparently, is reached at the asthenosphere level, where the "roots" of volcanoes are localized.

Features of the dynamics of volcanic eruptions for the first time are explained as a consequence of the properties of high-temperature phases of water and their transitions. Some properties of water in supercritical (fluid) condition are given. The latter determine the nature of the relationship between water and melt in the volcanic process, which in turn explains the explosions of different power, the rapidity of scorching clouds, the transfer of gases to the foot of volcanoes, breakouts and landslides on the slopes, the occurrence of ash, pumice, pseudoliquefied mass, as well as possibly ignimbrits and volcanic glass. It shows the impossibility of penetration of cold water into the active volcanic channel, as well as their high (before the change of phase) heating in the conditions of the crust.

The article presents the results of integrated geologic-geophysical investigation of the Ratmanov submarine volcanic massif, located in the Kurile Island Arc, 15 km southeast of the Chirinkotan island. There is a small submarine volcano on the northwestern slope of the massif with a relative height of 400–450 m, dredging of which raised andesites and a small number of andesite basalts. New data have been obtained on the mineral and chemical compositions and structural features of the massif rock formation. High values of the natural remnant magnetization of dredged rocks are caused by the high content of pseudo-single-domain of titanomagnetite grains. The foot of the massif is overlain by a volcanic-sedimentary sequence 400–800 m thick, and its formation most probably took place during periods of global geomagnetic disturbances. The maximum effective magnetization of the massif reaches 0.8 A / m. In the deep of the massif, supply channels, as well as peripheral magma chambers in the depth intervals of 3.8–4.6 km and 6–7.1 km, are identified.

Bezymianny is one of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka and the world. Its previous eruption occurred on March 15, 2019. This paper describes the explosive eruption of the volcano on October 21, 2020, and the events preceding it based on the study of video and various satellite data. Satellite monitoring of the volcano has been carried out using the information system “Remote monitoring of the activity of Kamchatka and Kurile volcanoes” (VolSatView) since 2014. Explosions raised ash up to 10–11 km above sea level, in connection with a cyclone in the Kamchatka region, the eruptive cloud was divided into two, the northern part of which was over the Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes during October 21–23, and the southern part moved more than 1000 km southeast of the volcano. The main area of the territory where ashfalls were noted at 10:11 GMT on October 22, 2020, was about 111.5 thousand km2, including 60.8 thousand km2 on land. An animated image of the ash cloud movement from the volcano is shown, made according to a series of images of Himawari-8 in the VolSatView (http://kamchatka.volcanoes.smislab.ru/animation/1603972936.webm). The VEI for this eruption is 2.