В результате геолого-геоморфологических и тефрохронологических исследований одного из самых активных в Центральной Америке вулкана Момотомбо (Никарагуа) с целью оценки вулканической опасности построенной у его подножия ГеоТЭС, была восстановлена история формирования вулкана с момента его возникновения (4000-4500 лет назад) до настоящего времени. Крупнейшие извержения вулкана датировались МС методом, было прослежено площадное распространение тсфры, оценены объем и масса изверженных пород в целом и по отдельным эруптивным этапам. Проведенные исследования позволяют заключить, что все сооружения ГеоТЭС находятся в опасной зоне, а наибольшая опасность может быть связана с выпадением тефры. До конца XX века может произойти извержение с объемом материала порядка 50-100 млн. м3. В зависимости от ориентировки выбросов, скорости и направления ветра мощность тефры в районе ГеоТЭС может быть в пределах 20-150 см.

Resuspended ash is common in the areas of active volcanism and can be dangerous for ecosystems, human being and animals, different means of transport including local aviation. According to KVERT scientists data, a formation of resuspended ash plumes on Kamchatka occurs in the area of Sheveluch volcano annually, mainly from August to mid-October within two days. For example, these plumes observed on August, 3, 2011, September, 15–16 and October, 3–4, 2015, September, 28–29 and October, 2–4, 2016. Dense ash plumes rising 3 km above the surface to a.s.l. and 16–22 km in width drifted 600 km to the south-east from the volcano. Analysis of various satellite data in the VolSatView information system revealed typical features of Sheveluch resuspended ash plumes. The largest concentration of ash particles is observed in ash plumes at a distance of 60–70 km from the volcano; its width on the land for over 100 km reaches 16–22 km and is 1–2 km thick from the earth’s surface; a wide ash-rich plume is retained in the atmosphere from 3–5 hours to several days.

Owing to modern development of information technologies and computer simulation systems, and datasets derived from open historical meteorological data archives, it appeared possible to perform retrospective analysis of large explosive volcanic eruptions. This work analyzes the results of simulation of the events associated with the eruptive cloud propagation during the catastrophic eruption of the November, 1964 Sheveluch volcano. The obtained additional eruptive cloud parameters enabled us to reproduce the dynamics of the explosive eruption and to validate its magmatic genesis.

The Kamchatka branch of geophysical survey of RAS (KB GS RAS) is carry out a monitoring of activity of active volcanoes with the purpose of estimation of volcanic danger. One of the sections of observations is the satellite monitoring of thermal anomalies and ash plumes. They are based on a treatment and interpretation of satellite data information of AVHRR sensor of NOAA 16 and 17 satellites. The seismic monitoring is the main parameter for the volcano eruptions precursor as the most informative and authoritative method, because the quality of the seismic data is independent of the weather conditions. The seismic monitoring of the Bezymianny volcano is sometimes impossible or wrong. For the technical reasons or when strong seismic activity at the Klyuchevskoy volcano obscures the seismic data for the Bezymianny. So, the satellite monitoring of the thermal anomalies and research of its parameters are allows us to make a short-dated forecast for the Bezymianny volcano eruptions. The main aim of this article is an investigation of the thermal anomalies temperatures as a short-dated precursor for the Bezymianny volcano eruptions. There were 10 eruptions of the Bezymianny volcano in 2002-2007. The "normal", "higher" and "emergency" levels of anomaly temperatures with an allowance for the seasons of the year were separated. We separated such forecasting anomalies temperature values: "normal level" - is a temperature range, wherein the volcano activity on the ground level; "higher level" - is a temperature range, wherein the volcano prepare for any event (large rock fall, ash plume or eruption); "emergency level" - is temperature range, wherein the eruption will happen in the next 1-4 days. There are some criteria were mark out as a results of our researches. These criteria allow us to know the current status of volcano in presence using satellite data. The got information is compared with seismic, visual and video data, that allows us to trace the process of preparation of volcano to eruption much high-quality. The research results of the thermal anomaly temperatures are using as a secondary parameter to the seismic data for the Bezymianny volcano eruption precursor.