Вулкан Авачинский (Россия, Камчатка) является активным андезитовым вулканом, представляющим значительную опасность для близлежащих населенных пунктов. Представлен проект создания пилотного вулканологического научно-исследовательского полигона для контроля состояния вулкана, прогнозирования сценариев извержений.

Сообщение посвящено определению содержания воды в расплавах магм, извержение которых образовало игнимбриты и экструзии кальдеры Карымшина. Исследовались природнозакаленные стекловатые расплавные включения во вкрапленниках кварца из пород посткальдерных экструзий и внутрикальдерных игнимбритов.

We have obtained the first data on the chemical composition of the eruptive materials from the explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano on April 7, 2023. Our unique collection includes freshly sampled pumice lapilli from the eruption and juvenile blocks from pyroclastic flows. We have identified interesting patterns in both macro components and specific chalcophile elements, such as copper. The rocks we studied belong to medium-K two-pyroxene basaltic andesite (55.5‒57 wt % SiO2), with mafic enclaves characterized by a slightly more primitive composition (53.7 wt % SiO2). According to mineral geothermometry data, the phenocrysts of basaltic andesite crystallized at temperatures in the range from 940 to 960°C, while the formation of phenocryst rims and microlites occurred at 980°C, which corresponds to conditions immediately before the eruption. The composition of volcanic glass allows us to estimate the pressure at which the magma reached the last equilibrium with crystallizing phases before eruption (0.5‒0.6 kbar). Based on these findings, we have formulated hypotheses about the potential evolution of the shallow magma chamber of Bezymianny volcano during the period from 2017 to 2023.

This paper presents a method for retrieving volcanic sulphate aerosols optical parameters from the AHI radiometer on board the Himawari-8 satellite. The proposed method is based on optical models for various mixtures of the volcanic cloud’s aerosol components, including ash particles, ice crystals, water drops, and sulphate aerosol droplets. The application of multicomponent optical models of various aerosol compositions allowed the optical thickness and mass loading of sulphate aerosol to be estimated in the sulfuric cloud formed after the Karymsky volcano eruption on November 3, 2021. A comprehensive analysis of the brightness temperatures of the sulfuric cloud in the infrared bands was performed, which revealed that the cloud composed a mixture of sulphate aerosol and water droplets. The use of the models of various aerosol composition allows the satellite-based estimation of optical parameters not only for sulphate aerosol but also for the whole aerosol mixture.

Sheveluch is one of the most active volcanoes in Kamchatka. Its modern edifice includes three main elements: Old Sheveluch, an ancient caldera and Young Sheveluch. On the southeastern slope of Old Sheveluch, there is a group of ancient extrusive domes (from south to north): Sherokhovataya, Krasnaya, Karan, and Sopochka na sklone. Only in the area of the Karan dome are there heated areas with mofets temperature of 70–96°C. After the powerful explosive eruption of the Sheveluch volcano in April 2023, the gas–steam activity of the Karan dome intensified, and a thermal anomaly began to be noted in satellite images of the area of this dome. On April 26, 2024, in a JPSS-1 satellite image at 15:07 UTC, Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team scientists discovered a bright thermal anomaly in the area of the Karan dome; that is, they recorded a unique phenomenon on this day: the birth of a new volcanogenic formation – the new lava dome. It was given the name 300 years of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As of June 7, 2024, the size of the new dome was 800 × 500 m and the area of the dome crown was 0.19 km2. The eruption of the new lava dome 300 Years of the Russian Academy of Sciences is continuing.

This paper examines the Karymsky Volcanic Center to estimate how much volcanic and hydrothermal activity affects the chemical composition of river water. We evaluate the volumes of major and trace elements coming to the Pacific Ocean via the Karymsky River. We assess the quality of river water in compliance with the regulations for potable water, water used for household work, and in fisheries. It is shown that the formation of ion load of the river water mostly occurs by inflow of thermal waters, as well as due to water-soluble complexes of ashes discharged by Karymsky Volcano and coming to the catchment area of the river. The annual volume of dissolved material transported by the river to the Kronotsky Bay of the Pacific Ocean amounts to more than 90 kilotons.