Strong explosive volcanic eruptions are extremely dangerous to the modern jet aircraft as they can produce several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols that can be sent to the atmosphere and the stratosphere in several hours to several days during the eruption. In 2016, five from thirty active volcanoes erupted in Kamchatka (Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Zhupanovsky) and three from six active volcanoes in the Northern Kuriles (Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki). Effusive volcanic activity was noted at Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny and Alaid. All the volcanoes produced explosive activity. Strong explosive events occurred at Sheveluch mainly from September till December. Moderate ash emission had accompanied of Klyuchevskoy’s eruption through March till November. Explosive activity at Karymsky, Zhupanovsky, Alaid, and Chikurachki volcanoes was observed mainly in the first half of the year. The total area covered by ash in 2016 was estimated 600,000 km2, from which 460,000 km2 were related to the eruptions of Kamchatka volcanoes and 140,000 km2 were attributed to the eruption of the North Kuriles volcanoes. The activity at Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, and Zhupanovsky was dangerous to international and local airlines as explosions produced ash up to 10-12 km above sea level. The activity at Bezymianny, Karymsky, Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki posed a threat to local aircrafts when explosions sent ash up to 5 km above sea level.

Daily monitoring of Kamchatka volcanoes has been carried out since 1993, Kuril - since 2003. Since 2009, using modern information technologies and methods, informa tion systems equipped with modern tools for data analysis have been developed, with the help of which there are carried out in the IVS FEB RAS comprehensive studies of volcanogenic processes in the Kuril - Kamchatka region, including the most dangerous explosive eruptions for humans, as well as products of volcanic eruptions. The created systems allow volcanologists to work with various satellite data together with weather and video information for continuous monitoring and research of volcanic activity; simulate the spread of ash clouds and plumes to assess their danger to aviation; combine and systematize various information about volcanoes and their eruptions.

Представлены результаты изучения состава и зональности фено- и субфенокристаллов амфибола в пемзах, изверженных в ходе плинианской фазы извержения вулкана Шивелуч 12 ноября 1964 г. Показано, что зональность субфенокристаллов могла быть сформирована в результате резкой декомпрессии магмы при ее подъеме из предполагаемой области накопления и кристаллизации, расположенной на нижнекоровых глубинах (~15-20 км) в малоглубинную магматическую камеру (~5 км) непосредственно перед извержением.