Based on a detailed seismological observations from 1962 through 1994, the deep structure, focal layer geometry, magmatic feeding system of the Shiveluch volcano are investigated. Beneath the Shiveluch volcano, a focal layer deepens at an angle of 70 at depths of 100—200 km. Based on the established interrelation between the seismicity at depths of 105—120 km and a phase of extrusive volcano eruption in 1980 through 1994, a conclusion has been made that melting of primary magmas, periodically feeding the crustal chamber, occurs at depths at least 100 km. Increase of extrusive-explosive activity of the volcano is preceded and accompanied by the increasing number and energy of volcanic earthquakes both beneath the dome and in the zones of crustal faults of northwestern trend. A description is given of the methods used in the successful short-term prediction of the eruption in April 1993 which has been the most powerful since 1964. A mean-term prediction of possible increase of the volcano activity in April — July of 1995 is made.

The eruptive history of Ebeko since its arising about 2400 years ago to the beginning of the 17th century was reconstructed based on data of special geological, gecmorphological, tephrochronological researches using the 14С dating (more than 20 dates). Six stages of increased activity with the duration of 200-300 years were recognized. These stages are divided by quiet periods of the same duration. It is shown that the eruption of juvenile material (lava and pyroclastic) took place only at the first stage (420-200 years before our era). All the next eruptions were phreatic, but of different power. Large-scale maps and lopoplans of the Ebeko volcanic group (Ebeko, Neozhidanhy, Nezametny) with the nearest areas were compiled and the present-day morphology of the Ebeko summit part was described m detail based on ariborne materials of 1987, 1988, 1990. It is presented that, not considering the first eruptive stage, the main volcanic hazard for the Ebeco region and the town of Severo-Kurilsk situated near the volcano came from the moving of large lahars and tephra fall.

Consequences of the Ebeko eruptions in 17-20 centuries were reconstructured in detail based on history information and data of tephrochronoSogical investigations and air photography of 1960, 1987, 1988, 1990. It is shown that all the eruptions were phreatic and conditionally phreatomagmatic with thermal alimentation as a very heated dike-sill complex with volume of more than 1 km , in the zone of extension NNW (Az. 25°), where volcanoes of the Vernadsky ridge are located (Paramushir island). It is supposed that the main future hazard for the Severo-Kurilsk town and the nearest areas is expecting from the moving of lahars of large-volume along the Kuzminka and the Matrosskaya rivers originated from the Ebeko volcano. Lesser hazard is expecting from ashfalls produced by the Ebeko and other volcanoes of the North Kuril and the Souih Kamchatka. It is proved that a big hazard for the may arise from the future eruption of the Ebeko similar to those eruptions of 1934-1935. It is recommended some ways for defence of the town.

Приводятся данные о состоянии вулкана Эбеко в 2012–2013 гг.: фумарольная активность, состав газов, гидротермальные взрывы на Юго-Восточном фумарольном поле. Обсуждаются причины гидротермальных взрывов. Дается оценка активности вулкана.

For the first time the causes of the birth of volcanoes in the depths of the planet and the mechanism of magma ejection to the surface are explained. The final conclusion was obtained as a result of the integration of knowledge of several sciences. Their synthesis allowed to define VOLCANO as a self-organizing space-time vortex dissipative structure, the form of which is created and carried in the form of waves, and through the thread (core) of the structure is the drain of magma. Such structures are itself born in a suitable chaotic environment; appropriate environment arises as a consequence of high pressure, which breaks down the structures of molecules and this creates a lot of different moving particles. The pressure necessary for this, apparently, is reached at the asthenosphere level, where the "roots" of volcanoes are localized.

Более 17 месяцев в 1975 и 1976 гг. продолжалось крупнейшее в историческое время базальтовое извержение на территории СССР — извержение в районе вулкана Плоский Толбачик. Наблюдения с удаленных пунктов (визуальные, с помощью геофизической аппаратуры, фото- и кинокамер), и особенно ночные, дали неоценимую информацию о событиях, происходивших на конусе и лавовом поле.