Investigation of place of contact between the fresh lava flow from the 2012-2013 Tolbachik eruption and forest vegetation revealed an unusual phenomenon such as craters from explosions, partially destroyed old lava cover and soil-pyroclastic cover. Besides, traces of powerful scorching on the trunks of alder thickets adjacent to the craters were also found. Most likely, these craters have resulted from explosions that occurred due to the concentration of methane in the cracks and cavities in the old lava. The methan was caused by wood pyrolysis, buried by red-hot lava of 2012 eruption.

Eight-year (1996-2003) multidisciplinary biohydrochemical research provided data for this brief description of abiotic processes varying in time in Lake Karymskii and of simultaneous successions of plankton and benthic algae-bacterial communities following the 1996 catastrophic underwater eruption. One notes the well-ex-. pressed allochtonic character of plankton flora, a mosaic and local formation of benthic coenoses, the dominating influence of the volcanic factor on the overall evolution of limnic biocoenosis.

Работа посвящена методике восстановления оптических параметров вулканического H2SO4 по данным радиометра AHI спутника Himawari-8. Методика основана на использовании оптических моделей для различных смесей аэрозольных компонентов вулканического облака, представленных пеплом, кристаллами льда, каплями воды и каплями H2SO4. Использование многокомпонентных оптических моделей различного аэрозольного состава позволило оценить оптическую толщину и массовое содержание H2SO4 в сернокислом облаке, образованном после извержения вулкана Карымский 3 ноября 2021 г. Был проведен комплексный анализ спектральных характеристик сернокислого облака в коротковолновом и инфракрасном диапазоне длин волн, по результатам которого установлено, что сернокислое облако преимущественно представляет собой смесь капель H2SO4 и воды.

The seismicity that accompanied the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption was recorded by additional seismic stations that were installed in the southern Klyuchevskoi Volcanic Cluster area in January to October 2013. We used broadband (0.033–50 Hz) three-component digital Guralp CMG-6TD seismometers. This temporary network provided seismicity data at a lower energy level than can be done using the regional seismograph network of Kamchatka. The processing of the resulting digital records supplied data for compiling a catalog of over 700 ML=0–3.5 (КS=1.5–8.5) earthquakes, which is an order of magnitude greater than the number of events located by the regional network for the same period of time. The seismicity in the area of Ploskii Tolbachik Volcano was found to concentrate mostly in spatially isolated areas during the eruption. The main isolated clusters of earthquakes were identified both in the eruption area itself and along the periphery of Ploskii Tolbachik Volcano, in the area of the Zimina volcanic massif, and in the Tolud epicenter zone; the eruption zone was not dominant in the seismicity. The region of a shallow seismicity increase beneath Ploskii Tolbachik before the eruption was not found to exhibit any increased activity during the time the temporary seismograph network was operated, which means that a seismicity inversion took place at the beginning of the eruption. We discuss the question of what the earthquake-generating features are that we have identified.